Category: Python

The two approaches you’ve described handle creating and populating a grouped dictionary differently. Let’s break them down: 1. grouped = defaultdict(list) Example with grouped[sorted_value].append(key): Use Case: This is great when you want multiple keys to map to the same “group” Read more…

In Python, a data class is a class specifically designed to store data and provide an easy and concise way to define classes that primarily store values (attributes) without the need for writing repetitive boilerplate code. It simplifies the creation Read more…

In Python, @property is used to define a method that acts like an attribute. It allows you to define custom getters, setters, and deleters for an attribute in a Python class. Python Example: Here’s a basic Python example where @property Read more…

If you want to create an independent copy of mutable objects (like lists, dictionaries), use the following: Summary: examples: Output:

1. is vs == is Example: a = [1, 2, 3]b = ac = [1, 2, 3]print(a is b) # True, because `b` refers to the same object as `a`.print(a is c) # False, because `c` is a different object, Read more…

When you define a function like this: This function explicitly expects two positional arguments, name and age. There are two ways you can call this function: Here: Passing Keyword Arguments: Here, you explicitly specify which value corresponds to which parameter. Read more…

1. **kwargs in Function Definitions (in Pure Python) In Python, **kwargs is used in function definitions to accept any number of keyword arguments. The kwargs is a dictionary that stores the passed keyword arguments. Example: Output: name: Johneage: 12 Here, Read more…

If a Django query like Product.objects.all().order_by(“title”) is returning objects instead of raw data, this is expected behavior because Django’s ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) retrieves objects that represent rows in the database. To access the raw data (specific fields or values), you Read more…

In Django models, the options null, blank, default, and unique are used to define how a field behaves in the database and forms. These options control how data is validated, how missing data is handled, and how default values are Read more…

In Django, the through keyword is used in a ManyToManyField to specify a custom intermediate model that Django should use to manage the many-to-many relationship between two models. By default, Django creates an automatic “through” table for ManyToManyField relationships behind Read more…